Who are the Moors advanced civilisation 👑💰
2025
The Moors were a diverse group of Muslim people of North African and Arab descent who played a significant role in medieval history, particularly in Spain, Portugal, and North Africa. While they did not have a single "Moors Empire," they established powerful kingdoms and civilizations that influenced European, African, and Middle Eastern history for centuries. Origins & Expansion The Moors were primarily Berbers (indigenous North Africans) and Arabs who adopted Islam after the Arab expansion into North Africa in the 7th century. Their civilization flourished as they spread across Maghreb (North Africa) and into the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) in 711 AD, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad. The Moors in Al-Andalus (Iberia) One of the most significant achievements of the Moors was their rule in Al-Andalus (modern Spain and Portugal) from 711 to 1492. Key Moorish states and dynasties included: The Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba (756–929) – A major center of Islamic culture and learning. The Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031) – Led by Abd al-Rahman III, this was a golden age of science, philosophy, and architecture. The Taifa Kingdoms (1031–1090) – Smaller Moorish states that emerged after the fall of the Caliphate. The Almoravids (1090–1147) & Almohads (1147–1269) – North African Berber dynasties that ruled Al-Andalus and parts of Africa. The Emirate of Granada (1230–1492) – The last Moorish kingdom in Spain, ruled by the Nasrid dynasty until it fell to the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, in 1492. Moorish Civilization & Contributions. The Moors made incredible advancements in science, medicine, architecture, agriculture, and philosophy, preserving and expanding ancient Greek, Roman, and Middle Eastern knowledge. Architecture: The Alhambra Palace (Granada), the Great Mosque of Córdoba, and the Giralda Tower (Seville). Education & Science: Universities in Córdoba, Seville, and Toledo helped transmit knowledge to Europe. Agriculture: Introduced irrigation techniques, citrus fruits, rice, and advanced farming methods. Mathematics & Medicine: Advanced algebra, astronomy, and medical knowledge, influencing European Renaissance thinkers. Decline & Legacy By the 15th century, Christian forces, through the Reconquista, pushed the Moors out of Spain, culminating in the fall of Granada in 1492. Many Moors were forced to convert to Christianity or were expelled in the early 1600s. Despite their decline, the Moors left a lasting impact on European architecture, language (many Spanish words have Arabic roots), science, and culture. Their influence is still visible in Spain, Portugal, and North Africa today.